• Our Blogger

    Fr. Joseph Jenkins

  • An important theme for this blog is the scene in the New Testament where Jesus can be found FLOGGING the money-changers out of the temple. My header above depicts a priest FLOGGING the devils that distort the faith and assault believers. The faith that gives us consolation can and should also make us very uncomfortable. Both Divine Mercy and Divine Justice meet in Jesus. Priests are ministers of reconciliation, but never at the cost of truth. In or out of season, we must be courageous in preaching and living out the Gospel of Life. The title of my blog is a play on words, not Flogger Priest but Blogger Priest.

  • Archives

  • Categories

  • Recent Posts

  • Recent Comments

    Father Joe's avatarFather Joe on How a Celibate Priest Looks at…
    Jeremy's avatarJeremy on Ask a Priest
    Rose's avatarRose on How a Celibate Priest Looks at…
    Christ the King's avatarChrist the King on Carlo Maria Viganò – It’s a Ma…
    Ilona Soska's avatarIlona Soska on Why Did Pope John Paul II Kiss…

Do You Believe in Evolution?

Krystal Smith poses this question at STAPLER CONFESSIONS and states: “Creationists, or people who take a literal translation of Genesis, the first book of the Bible, feel that scientific evidence for evolution was put here by God, possibly to test their faith. Atheists tend to believe strongly in Darwinism (the findings of Charles Darwin), and feel that it’s undeniable evidence that life evolved on our planet from simple life forms to all of the species we have now. There are some theists who believe in evolution, and believe in both modern science and the existence of God.”

Catholics are not fundamentalists who subscribe to a literal biblical interpretation of everything in the Old Testament. Believers are free to believe or not to believe in evolution.  However, most scientists and no Catholics believe in strict Darwinism as one of his tenets was the evolution of the human soul.  Atheists reject the existence of the soul. Catholics admit that the body might develop from more elementary forms but that the soul is directly infused by almighty God.

The Protestant notion of faith over reason would make God and not the devil into a prankster with the fossil record. This is ridiculous. Given that we live in a rational world with objective truths, there can be no competition between the truths of science, philosophy, and religion.   All truth is complementary. Catholicism, which is Christianity 101, sees order in creation and makes the deduction of intelligent design and a first cause.

The complexity of creation and even the prospect of evolution points to an intelligence behind it all.  It is ludicrous to imagine that given enough time and the right chemical stew that one might find the current complexity and vast diversity in the animal kingdom that we know.  Order does not emerge from chaos and random accidents. The analogy is given of the first man to land on Mars. If he finds a watch, he will not surmise that it developed on its own from the natural properties of the planet. He would conclude that someone designed and built it. While this is a mechanical and not a biological find, we must admit that the complex diversity and interaction of systems in a human being are of a far greater level. A man might make a watch but only God can make a man— meaning from scratch!

Why Do You Think Your Religion is the Correct One?

Krystal Smith poses this question at STAPLER CONFESSIONS and states: “Religious people tend to subscribe to just one religion and reject the others. Theists who are impartial to any specific religion might share the same sentiment as atheists in this regard. They might acknowledge the similarities between some world religions and suggest that which exact one a person follows isn’t as important as recognizing there is a God and praying. Atheists tend to believe that a person’s choice of religion is based solely on what culture they were born into, and is thus arbitrary.”    

Atheists are right that most people tend to join the majority religion of the culture and family into which they are born. However, we are not creatures of fate and many either change their affiliation or lose faith entirely. Further, given the missionary mandate of Christianity, many are moved by the preaching of the Church and the grace of God to become Christian or Catholic.

Catholicism views itself as the Church directly instituted by Christ and as the true religion.  There is a historical bond between Judaism (the first People of God) and the consummation of the covenant by Christ for the Catholic Christian community, the new People of God, or the Church.  Judaism and Islam are both natural religions with a belief in one God. Christianity is a supernatural faith given the belief in the mystery of the Trinity: three divine Persons in one divine Nature.

Just as scientific theories vary, so does religion. But the truth is still what it is.  The many religions of the world are an expression of how we were made for God and search out ultimate meaning.  Many are regarded by Christianity as wrong or incomplete.  We reject the negation of Buddhism and the polytheism of Hinduism. While certain Protestant affiliations emphasize a personal or individualized faith; Catholicism also insists upon the corporate faith. The Church is not merely for fellowship but is the essential sacrament of salvation. Christ is the Mediator and is the one and only Savior.  There is also no salvation outside the Catholic Church. It is for this reason that we intercede in prayer for those believers outside her fold.    

We would claim that Catholicism best answers the longings of the human heart and the need for meaning and answers about suffering, death and our place in creation. The problem of pain finds resolution in a profound solidarity with Christ where there is redemption. Sacrificial love becomes a hallmark of Christian self-donation and identity. We have not been orphaned by God. We have a purpose and no one need live and die in vain. The Christian faith offers the gift of HOPE and LIFE while atheism can only grant a temporary respite for some, despair for the many and ultimately oblivion for all.

Have You Found Any Contradictions in Your Holy Text?

Krystal Smith poses this question at STAPLER CONFESSIONS and states: “Religious people tend to acknowledge the differences between modern society and antiquity. Beyond this, there are certain passages or certain aspects of the Bible and other holy texts that cause scrutiny from atheists under the context that they contradict statements made in other passages. Some more reformed believers consider biblical texts as being open to interpretation and metaphorical.  Atheists tend to reject holy texts, citing any apparent contradictions they can find and pointing out what they consider to be flaws in the text.”

The Bible offers salvation truth, but it also reflects various situations and the development of a people over a period of 2,700 to 3,400 years. While certain truths about God and commandments are immutable, others develop or change due to the maturation of Israel and the intervention of Christ. Our Lord would rescind the Mosaic writ of divorce and the early Church would place faith in Christ over the saving works of the law.  All foods are made clean, and baptism replaces circumcision as the rite of initiation. The prohibition against graven images, which was never absolute, is totally abrogated by the new economy of the incarnation. The keeping of the sabbath day would transition to the Lord’s Day due to the resurrection.

The Bible is not a science book, and its history is not like the news with video clips. All is viewed through the prism of the Semitic people and the cultures through which they lived.  However, it should be mentioned that even atheists have their books and despite competing string theories and constantly corrected conjectures about evolutionary development, they can be every bit as dogmatic as theists.  The Bible is many books and includes all sorts of literature: history, myths, speeches, hymns, legal codes, poetry, etc. Each must be understood as the genre it is.

Note that Genesis itself has differing depictions of the chronology to creation in the first two chapters. The Hebrews saw no problem with this, and neither should we. Different threads of tradition focus on varying elements. We see this as well in the four Gospels of the New Testament. Each proclaims the same Good News of Jesus from the perspective of a different angle or tradition.      

Do You Think Believing in an Afterlife Affects the Way You Behave in This Life?

Krystal Smith poses this question at STAPLER CONFESSIONS and states: “Atheists might point out the idea that some believers could allow the concept of an afterlife, heaven and hell, or reincarnation to weigh the significance of the events in their worldly life. The presumption that death isn’t the end could have an influence of people’s behavior and day to day decision making.”

This is a no brainer.  If religion with threats of eternal perdition cannot restrain some from evil acts, why should we expect atheism to do any better? Atheists have neither perfect contrition (sorrow for having offended God whom we are to love) or the imperfect (fear of the fires of hell and the loss of heaven).  Where is the incentive to be good when we can only expect to be forgotten and the looming prospect of becoming worm food?

The Christian perspective is more complex than simple reward and punishment.  The posture of the creature to the Creator is one of obedience and adoration.  We have been promised a share in Christ’s life and the reward of happiness in the presence of God forever. However, we do not deserve salvation and could not merit it on our own. Humanity fell from grace and God made a promise to redeem us— but this is entirely on the level of gift, not entitlement (no matter how good we might be). Even if God should have decided to leave us estranged from him; we would still be obliged to worship and obey him.  We thank God for what he gives us, but we praise or give him glory for who he is.  This is the high ground of Christian discipleship.  It is true that the resurrection is the hook of Christianity, and the prospect of heavenly reward or hellish punishment is real— but we are to love God because he is God.  The gifts he gives us are wonderful but there is no bargaining with God. Our love must be freely returned to God.  The love of a saint is not for sale and cannot be bought.  If God can love us then we must freely love God in return, even if our lot is suffering, sickness and death. Many fail to understand this. Note that some equate prayer entirely with petition— they want this, that, and the other thing.  The highest prayer of praise or adoration is very different— I love you; you know I love you; I will always love you.  We sing glory to God, not to pamper a deity but to pour out hearts to a God for whom we were made.

Having said all this, some will only be good because there is reward or punishment.  This appreciation is at the basis of most legal systems.  Do something wrong and you will face fines or imprisonment. There is something of it in the classroom as well. Get an “A” and you pass and have promotion. Get an “F” and you fail and get sent back. But truthfully, the Christian perspective looks at all of us as failures.  We receive merit or know victory in the salutary work of Christ and his Cross.  Jesus pays the price for us. Of course, it is a gift that must be received. Disposition is everything. 

The atheist must live with his failure. No matter what his earthly achievements, the end of one is the same for all.  No matter whether one is rich or poor, powerful or weak, good or evil, healthy or sick— it all comes to the same thing— absolutely nothing.  We along with all our works will be reduced to dust.  We might find some short satisfaction in the present, but loss, pain and death will quickly follow.  You cannot win. We all live in vain. Indeed, all the works of humanity will one day be destroyed and like the various species before us, we will know extinction. This view portrays humanity as a cosmic accident. There is no deeper meaning or purpose and definitely no hope.    

The Buck Stops with the Pope!

While there has long been an invisible schism in the Church caused by the many loud liberal or progressive voices in the years since Vatican II, today matters have intensified with resistance from a growing arrogant traditionalism. Critics observe that the catalyst for the reaction on the right has been a papacy that represses the historical Latin Mass, sometimes pampers the Church’s enemies, glosses over what seem to be serious errors, and opts for diplomatic ambiguity when there is a pressing need for clarity and truth from the teaching office.  Admittedly, the pastoral accommodation that belongs to the pastors on the ground cannot be appropriated by the highest shepherds or by the one who sits in the chair of Peter without doing insufferable harm to the transmission and interpretation of the deposit of faith.  

Like the proverbial snowball rolling down a hill, many religious pundits who have made accurate assessments about what falls short of complete fidelity are now lashing out against anything and everything that comes down from Rome or the bishops in union with him.  They make themselves into mini popes who presume to tell the Holy Father what he is doing and saying wrong. They are hesitant to admit agreeing with the pope when he says or does anything wholly Catholic.

The First Vatican Council of 1870 expounded upon its definition of papal infallibility:

“Both clergy and faithful, of whatever rite and dignity, both singly and collectively, are bound to submit to this power by the duty of hierarchical subordination and true obedience, and this not only in matters concerning faith and morals, but also in those which regard the discipline and government of the Church.”

If schism is a failure to submit to the Holy See or to be in full communion with the Church he leads, then we are indeed entering such dark days. However, the current situation is so chaotic that many pay lip service even as they dissent in practice.  The mockery in social media, inclusive of those who flaunt their orthodoxy, is a clear denial of the Pope’s command authority. The left’s liturgical abuse and the right’s impugning of the Novus Ordo signifies both a refusal to embrace the Church’s current understanding of herself and her divine worship.  Left unsaid is when the line might be crossed into excommunication.        

When teaching upon faith and morals for the whole Church and doing so from the chair and in union with the world’s bishops, St. Peter and his successors are guaranteed the grace of infallibility from the Holy Spirit. Of course, they can interpret and explain but cannot invent anything entirely new or contrary to revealed truths. Popes are not always accurate in private opinions and the fact that they go to confession is proof that they are not impeccable. Just as St. Paul corrected and changed the mind of St. Peter at the council of Jerusalem, they can be admonished, particularly by other apostles or bishops.  But ultimately, much like the cat dropped from a height, the papacy lands on its feet. Those who would deliberately trip a pope up and then expose and laugh at his tumble, are not faithful sons of the Church. Instead of a true dialogue and shared creativity leading to a satisfactory consensus regarding matters like liturgy and morality; there is instead, a combative “us and them” attitude that is tearing the Church apart.  Traditionalists fight for anachronisms and progressives enshrine the trite and untried.     

Those who propose a rigid interpretation of “No Salvation Outside the Church” would often cite the 1302 papal bull of Boniface VIII: “. . . we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff.” Catholicism takes seriously its divine institution by Christ and how its foundation is inseparable from the Petrine office:

“And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” (Matthew 16:18-19).

We pray that we will have saintly popes, but the charism is given to the good and the bad alike, not for their own sake but for the overriding good of the Church.  Historically they rule as absolute monarchs and for all practical purposes the popes constitute the Roman rite, with an emphasis upon living men over the dead. The latter point is essential to the so-called liturgical wars.

Don’t Mess with the REAL Jesus!

Several years ago, there was a fad where people placed the logo WWJD on clothes, wristbands, and what-have-you. The letters signified the question, “What Would Jesus Do?” It was a cool idea but there was one significant problem— many fashioned a parody of Jesus and did not know him in truth. The Jesus they created was “nice” and pandered to the humanism of our times. He failed to make judgments and subscribed to popular misconceptions.  The judge of all was reduced to a rubber-stamp weighed against those hard right-wing “conservative” Christians who dared to claim that God rewards obedience and punishes sin. The clichéd slogan was not alone. Another would-be sacramental for a false Christ was the plastic Jesus that adorned many car dashboards.  Often, they could be found alongside a rosary hanging from the mirror, employed not as a tool for prayer but as a superstitious talisman against accident and other irate drivers.

The Jesus of the world is weak, fallible, and cowardly.  The Jesus of the Bible and the Church is almighty, courageous and the truth, itself. Yes, he makes himself weak on the Cross; but he proves himself strong by overcoming the grave and the false conviction of evil men. 

The argument about the strength and weakness of Christ resonates with the historical tension between his humanity and divinity.  He proves himself as strong in repelling the three-fold temptation of Satan in the desert.  He struggles with the human condition in the garden before his betrayal.

Then Jesus came with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to his disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” He took along Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to feel sorrow and distress. Then he said to them, “My soul is sorrowful even to death. Remain here and keep watch with me.” He advanced a little and fell prostrate in prayer, saying, “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from me; yet, not as I will, but as you will.” When he returned to his disciples he found them asleep. He said to Peter, “So you could not keep watch with me for one hour? Watch and pray that you may not undergo the test. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.” Withdrawing a second time, he prayed again, “My Father, if it is not possible that this cup pass without my drinking it, your will be done!” (Matthew 26:36-42) 

The prayer of Jesus was not one of despair but rather demonstrates the truth about the human condition and our Lord’s firm resolve to carry out the Father’s will.  Only a sadist would desire the agony of the passion and death that Jesus would experience.  Our Lord is a divine person but there is no abnormality in his humanity. The “angst” he feels is normal. Indeed, it is felt by all the great heroes.  Jesus does not run away from what is coming.  He faces it. Indeed, it is allowed to happen. When captured, Jesus pleads only for the release of his friends.  Jesus gives all who would follow him the right to pray to be delivered from temptation and from the evil one. But his actions also reveal a deep humility in accepting the Father’s will, even when there is a part of us that wishes it could be otherwise.  When Jesus tells us to take up our crosses and to follow him, he fully appreciates how difficult this might be. It is this Jesus we must know to respond as we should to our calling.

I suspect that his words in the garden reverberate with those on the Cross when he pleads that his Father might forgive us. Did he see in his mind’s eye all who would follow him as martyrs on the road to Calvary and desire in his heart of hearts that he might preserve his children from such a test and pain? Certainly, he prayed that they might have strength to endure the trial. Did he also suffer the many who would find it all too much and would turn away and abandon him? This may be the crucible where the Divine Mercy is most engaged in the lot of sinners. Ultimately, the heavenly Father does not directly desire that his Son should suffer and die; however, he does expect that his Son would be faithful to the mission given him. God is demanding but he is not a monster. It is a fact in this world that the price to save a people is the cost of a life. The value of sacrificial love makes all other loves pale by comparison.   

Our Lord’s prayer is heard but he himself knew what the answer must be. There can be no tension or conflict in the trinitarian godhead. Jesus expresses in time the human turmoil that afflicts us when facing betrayal, suffering, and death. One might argue that this is his offertory to the Father before the sacrifice of the Cross.  

Given the gravity of Christ’s redemptive work, we must never dismiss his role as the one mediator and savior. There is no other way to the Father except through him. It is in understanding Jesus that we come to appreciate the truth about the Gospel.

What is the Gospel NOT?  It is not about a carefree toleration. It is not about being nice to each other. It is not about a libertine freedom. It is not about keeping peace at all costs.  It is not about staying quiet to avoid conflict. It is not about focusing on oneself as number one. It is neither about pursuing pleasure nor avoiding pain or vice versa. It is not a political agenda or a philosophy of life.  Our understanding of Christian discipleship is caught up with our appreciation of saving faith, not as a simple profession of words, but as a lifetime response to the person of Christ that is realized with love and obedience.  While there is an unconditional element to divine love, it is a love that makes serious demands. There is a cost to responding to the Christ. There is no Christianity without the Cross. Obedience does not mean be true to yourself or do what you want— this is a lie that the evil one sows that we might harvest weeds against the wheat of Christ.  The commandments maintain their binding force and we are obliged to offer assent, in both words and actions. We must be transformed to the likeness of Christ. The Lord must be alive and active in us. At the heart of the Christian mission is a profound humility“Thy will be done!”

What is the goal of this saving faith in Christ? Is it a better and more utopian world? No. Is it a comfortable life where God makes all his children happy and prosperous? No. The faith is directed to the forgiveness of sins and the salvation of souls. If you end up going to hell, then your life is a failure, and you live in vain. Yes, hell is real, and Jesus is the judge of all.  Some will know the reward of heavenly bliss and union with God. Others will know fire and eternal alienation from God. Ours is not the God that says everything is okay. Our Lord makes demands and disobedience will elicit the direst consequences.   

The Jesus that many imagine is not the Jesus of the Bible or that of the Church.  Jesus is critical with his words and actions. Look at how he addresses the Jewish leadership:

“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites!” (Matthew 23:13,15,23,25,27,29).

“Woe to you, blind guides!” (Matthew 23:16,24).

“Blind fools!” (Matthew 23:17).

“Blind Pharisee!” (Matthew 23:26).

“You are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside, but inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of filth” (Matthew 23:27).

“You serpents, you brood of vipers, how can you flee from the judgment of Gehenna?” (Matthew 23:33).

Jesus is neither polite nor civil when it comes to the money changers in the temple:

Jesus entered the temple area and drove out all those engaged in selling and buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves. And he said to them, “It is written: ‘My house shall be a house of prayer,’ but you are making it a den of thieves.” (Matthew 21:12-13)

We are told in John 2:15 that Jesus chased them out with a whip of cords. Any child that ever had the belt taken to him for being bad could well appreciate this scene.  Jesus is not always kind or nice or gentle.  He can be abrasive and filled with righteous indignation.  Disobedience cries out for punishment.

Our Lord is harsh but just in his judgments. The woman at the well cannot hide her background from Jesus and the many men with whom she has been intimate. He even casts off Satan in reference to Peter who becomes a stumbling block regarding the prophecy of the passion. While many placate the whims of our society today, Jesus did not hesitate to condemn his own times as a “faithless and perverse generation” (Matthew 17;17).

We must never forget that Jesus is both the Divine Mercy and the Divine Justice.  He says:

“Everyone who acknowledges me before others I will acknowledge before my heavenly Father. But whoever denies me before others, I will deny before my heavenly Father. Do not think that I have come to bring peace upon the earth. I have come to bring not peace but the sword.” (Matthew 10:32-34)

Jesus Descends to the Dead

Jesus is risen.  We read in 1 Corinthians 15:3-8:

“For I handed on to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures; that he was buried; that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures; that he appeared to Cephas, then to the Twelve. After that, he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. After that he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as to one born abnormally, he appeared to me.”

If we are to be fishers of men, the apostle Paul images the resurrection as the hook of Christianity. He asserts:

“But if Christ is preached as raised from the dead, how can some among you say there is no resurrection of the dead? If there is no resurrection of the dead, then neither has Christ been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then empty too is our preaching; empty, too, your faith” (1 Corinthians 15:12-14).

What happens with the death of Christ on the Cross?  Death is defined as the separation of the body and the soul. In the case of Jesus, his body and soul were still united to him as a divine Person. The creed stipulates that he descended into hell, or unto the quick, or to the dead. I recall an Eastern icon with devils reaching for the feet of Adam and Eve as Christ raises them up by their hair. However, despite the symbolism, this is not the hell of the damned.  Our Lord descends to the Limbo of the Fathers to take claim of the righteous dead who from the beginning of the world were awaiting the opening of heaven’s gates.  Jesus is literally the bridge or the way to the Father.  The prophets, patriarchs, and other faithful waited in a passing abode for the dead. Also included among their number would have been godly gentiles. The Good News is preached by Jesus to those who preserved the promise and came before his redemptive work.  We are reminded of Jesus’ words when he told his critics:

“And concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was said to you by God, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead but of the living” (Matthew 22:31-32). 

We do not cease to be at death.  The dead are alive.  The Limbo of the Dead ceases to exist with the translation of its inhabitants to heaven.  Between now and the end of the world there exists a transitory place of purification called purgatory.  At the judgment that will also pass away.  The two realities that will remain are heaven for the angels and saints and hell for the devils and damned. (Some argue for a Limbo of the Innocents, but many reckon it as only a Scholastic theory devised to keep unbaptized infants out of hell. The speculation is that they might be naturally happy but ignorant of God. Many of us hope that they will be granted so much more. We were made for God.) The chief apostle acknowledges Jesus’ proclamation to the dead. “In it he also went to preach to the spirits in prison” (1 Peter 3:19). Of course, Jesus did not stay dead. Those in the prison of Limbo find release and are given a share in Christ’s life.  As a sign of this reality, we read in Matthew 27:52-53:

“. . . tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised. And coming forth from their tombs after his resurrection, they entered the holy city and appeared to many.”  

A Glimpse into the Mind of Christ

I have spoken before about what Christ knew as a man and yet questions remain. There is no way that we can absolutely penetrate this issue.  Why is it important? Particularly for those of us who pursue an active intellectual life, living largely in our heads, this matter touches the depths of our own sense of identity.  What we know and believe largely defines us and our place in the human family. The operations of the human soul, knowing and willing, speak to our appreciation of faith and our convictions— separating us from animals and machines.

As a pastor of souls, I have also accompanied families in their dealing with aging relatives suffering from Alzheimer’s and other ailments of the mind. Families confessed to losing loved ones, not all at once, but a little at a time. Eventually they must deal with loving someone who does not even know his or her name.  It is our firm confidence that the soul retains that which escapes the grasp of physical brains. We hope that one day we will be restored body and spirit— sharing something of Christ’s resurrection.

I mention this, because I firmly believe that if we and the world forget— God will never forget. This is very pertinent to Christ because when as a man he is most vulnerable on the Cross, as God he is the most powerful in offering himself for each of us by name. Jesus knows us better than we know ourselves. Such is the wonder and necessity of his divine knowledge.   

Christ possesses both his divine and human intellect. Further, as the new Adam, he would claim what our primordial parents had lost— an infused science that complements experiential knowing. Further, he always enjoys the beatific vision. As a divine person, Christ knows all things.  His conceptual knowledge could not expand because it was already infinite. While the general awareness of Christ is unbounded, his experiential knowledge is mysteriously shielded or preserved. When he walked the earth as one of us, his human experiential knowledge came  through his physical senses. While his divine knowing and infused knowledge were always a part of him, in his humanity he could ask questions (see John 18:4 and John 6:5-6).

Variations of Gnosticism plagued the early high Christology of the Church.  Docetism was a heresy that Jesus was fully divine but only appeared or pretended to be human. Monothelitism also stressed the divinity of Christ but denied he had a human will, just a divine will.  Apollinarianism reduced Jesus’ body to a shell for his divinity, with no human soul (and thus no human mind and will). Others would assault the identity of Christ from the perspective of a low Christology, viewing Jesus more as a creature than the Creator: Nestorians (viewing Mary as the “mother of the man” but not as the Bearer of God) and Arians (defining Jesus as a spiritual demiurge but not truly divine). All these false roads also espouse an erroneous psychology in the Lord.         

The business about Christ’s identity and awareness is still explored and often gotten wrong, particularly in films, television, and popular books. The novels about Jesus from the late Anne Rice appealed to the apocryphal and were dangerously shallow in trying to speak from Jesus’ perspective. Her Jesus was neither   omniscient nor omnipotent. He was liable to error and was more human than divine. As a corrective, we have the life of Christ given us by the late Pope Benedict XVI.  He writes in regard to the finding of Jesus in the temple: 

On the one hand, the answer of the twelve-year-old made it clear that he knew the Father— God— intimately. Only he knows God, not merely through the testimony of men, but he recognizes him in himself. Jesus stands before the Father as Son, on familiar terms. He lives in his presence. He sees him. As Saint John says, Jesus is the only one who rests in the Father’s heart and is therefore able to make him known (cf. Jn 1: 18). This is what the twelve-year-old’s answer makes clear: he is with the Father, he sees everything and everyone in the light of the Father. And yet it is also true that his wisdom grows. As a human being, he does not live in some abstract omniscience, but he is rooted in a concrete history, a place and a time, in the different phases of human life, and this is what gives concrete shape to his knowledge. So it emerges clearly here that he thought and learned in human fashion. It becomes quite apparent that he is true man and true God, as the Church’s faith expresses it. The interplay between the two is something that we cannot ultimately define. (Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives, p. 127)

Article 12 of the Declaration on Human Dignity

Article 12 of the declaration speaks of the dignity to be found in Christ’s solidarity with humanity by being “born and raised in humble conditions.” Next, we are told that his public ministry “affirms the value and dignity of all who bear the image of God, regardless of their social status and external circumstances.” It should be clear that the Cardinal Fernández is not referring to the elevated supernatural dignity given by grace to persons regenerated through faith and baptism. Several religious pundits have attacked the him and the Holy Father on this front without conceding a dignity that is inherent firstly, as a rational creation of almighty God, and secondly, as one who shares a kinship with Christ due to the incarnation.  The whole point about the change of economy regarding images in the Decalogue is that God has now revealed himself through a human face.  While there is a discrepancy in how the terms are used, one might argue that we are all created in the image of God but that through the sacraments we are reborn into the likeness of Christ.  This natural dignity is very much a part of Pope John Paul II’s theology of the body.  Note that when it comes to the Gospel of Life, the unborn child (although lacking baptism) possesses a right to life and dignity that should not be assailed. 

Jesus also defended a moral dignity of persons, especially toward the oppressed and marginalized.  The Church must similarly be the voice for the voiceless.  Citing Scripture, the document takes note of his outreach to the tax collectors, women, children, lepers, the sick, strangers, and widows. The Cardinal writes that Jesus “heals, feeds, defends, liberates, and saves.”  The love of neighbor flows from our love of God and must be dynamic in the life of charity.

The one problematical element of this article is the following:

For Jesus, the good done to every human being, regardless of the ties of blood or religion, is the single criterion of judgment. The apostle Paul affirms that every Christian must live according to the requirements of dignity and respect for the rights of all people (cf. Rom. 13:8-10) according to the new commandment of love (cf. 1 Cor. 13:1-13).

Critics contend that the Cardinal Fernández and the Pope undermine religion as a basic factor in our judgment and salvation. However, we should remember that the document is written for believers, and it is taken for granted that the good being done is by Catholics in right standing with God. I doubt the Holy Father would undermine basic soteriology. There is no salvation apart from Christ and his holy Church. Further, any merit for good acts also requires that the agent be in a state of grace.  A person in mortal sin remains under God’s negative judgment until the remission of sin through heartfelt contrition and the sacrament of penance.  However, for the justified believer, grace builds upon grace.  Our good work is not limited to our own.  A disciple of Christ is compelled by love and truth to preserve human dignity and in justice to defend human rights.     

As a Christian I am required to be compassionate and just to all, even those who are not of my family or ethnicity or religion.  I can know the catechism backwards and forwards, but without charity I have nothing.  Again, on the level of creation, there is a duty to preserve basic human rights and dignity. I believe this is what the document is saying.  It connects to the teaching about the corporal works of mercy in Matthew 25:41-45:

“Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me no food, I was thirsty and you gave me no drink, a stranger and you gave me no welcome, naked and you gave me no clothing, ill and in prison, and you did not care for me.’ Then they will answer and say, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or ill or in prison, and not minister to your needs?’ He will answer them, ‘Amen, I say to you, what you did not do for one of these least ones, you did not do for me.’”

I suspect that what Cardinal Fernández and Pope Francis are wanting to say is made clearer in 1 Corinthians 13:1-8: 

If I speak in human and angelic tongues but do not have love, I am a resounding gong or a clashing cymbal. And if I have the gift of prophecy and comprehend all mysteries and all knowledge; if I have all faith so as to move mountains but do not have love, I am nothing. If I give away everything I own, and if I hand my body over so that I may boast but do not have love, I gain nothing. Love is patient, love is kind. It is not jealous, love is not pompous, it is not inflated, it is not rude, it does not seek its own interests, it is not quick-tempered, it does not brood over injury, it does not rejoice over wrongdoing but rejoices with the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never fails. If there are prophecies, they will be brought to nothing; if tongues, they will cease; if knowledge, it will be brought to nothing.

Mystery of the Incarnation

An important verse for the ancient school of Alexandria was John 1:14: “And the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us, and we saw his glory, the glory as of the Father’s only Son, full of grace and truth.” This is what authorities call a high Christology because the emphasis is upon Jesus as God and only secondarily upon him as man. Who is Jesus? He is God come down from heaven to save us.

Given the revelation of the Trinity, Jesus is understood as the Second Person of the one triune God. Conceived by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, the eternal God joins himself to his creation and begins to exist in time. The Son of God becomes one of us, entering our world through the immaculate vessel that he had fashioned and safeguarded for himself. It all begins not with the nativity scene but with the annunciation:

Then the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. But Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?” And the angel said to her in reply, “The holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God.” (Luke1:30-31, 34-35)   

God would come himself to make things right, making possible— the forgiveness of sins, hope against despair, healing to the broken, liberation from spiritual bondage, and the victory of love over death.

The incarnation is a deep mystery that we cannot fully penetrate.  Who is Jesus?  He is almighty God and the second Person of the Trinity.  He is the eternal Word.  What is Jesus?  He is God and man— two natures that are substantially joined in the one person of Jesus Christ.  Both natures are whole and complete.  His human nature is body and soul. His soul possesses both a human intellect and will. 

This is no spiritual adoption of an ordinary man as through an accidental union of the godhead. He is no Gnostic phantom or a God pretending to be a mortal man. Jesus Christ is a unique individual whose soul and flesh is substantially joined in the divine Person of the Lord. Yes, this is a fantastic claim. Note how Caiaphas responds to our Lord’s admission of his identity: 

But Jesus was silent. Then the high priest said to him, “I order you to tell us under oath before the living God whether you are the Messiah, the Son of God.” Jesus said to him in reply, “You have said so. But I tell you: From now on you will see ‘the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power’ and ‘coming on the clouds of heaven.’” Then the high priest tore his robes and said, “He has blasphemed! What further need have we of witnesses? You have now heard the blasphemy; what is your opinion?” They said in reply, “He deserves to die!” (Matthew 25:63-66)

Jesus is not simply a prophet. If he is not God and the promised Messiah, then his claim was indeed blasphemy. But our Lord affirms his identity by his works— the sick are healed, the possessed are exorcised, and the dead are raised. He forgives sins which is a prerogative reserved to God. (Priests can do so because Jesus has extended something of his authority to mortal men.)

There was no division in Christ but rather a perfect harmony between his two natures. His divine and human wills were in perfect sync. Room was made for his human knowing while not impoverishing or forfeiting his divine mind. As God, Christ knew all things; as human, he had genuine experiential knowledge and beheld the beatific vision.