Faith | Blogger Priest

Mystery of the Incarnation

Posted on April 5, 2024 by Father Joe

An important verse for the ancient school of Alexandria was John 1:14: “And the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us, and we saw his glory, the glory as of the Father’s only Son, full of grace and truth.” This is what authorities call a high Christology because the emphasis is upon Jesus as God and only secondarily upon him as man. Who is Jesus? He is God come down from heaven to save us.

Given the revelation of the Trinity, Jesus is understood as the Second Person of the one triune God. Conceived by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, the eternal God joins himself to his creation and begins to exist in time. The Son of God becomes one of us, entering our world through the immaculate vessel that he had fashioned and safeguarded for himself. It all begins not with the nativity scene but with the annunciation:

Then the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name him Jesus. But Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?” And the angel said to her in reply, “The holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God.” (Luke1:30-31, 34-35)

God would come himself to make things right, making possible— the forgiveness of sins, hope against despair, healing to the broken, liberation from spiritual bondage, and the victory of love over death.

The incarnation is a deep mystery that we cannot fully penetrate. Who is Jesus? He is almighty God and the second Person of the Trinity. He is the eternal Word. What is Jesus? He is God and man— two natures that are substantially joined in the one person of Jesus Christ. Both natures are whole and complete. His human nature is body and soul. His soul possesses both a human intellect and will.

This is no spiritual adoption of an ordinary man as through an accidental union of the godhead. He is no Gnostic phantom or a God pretending to be a mortal man. Jesus Christ is a unique individual whose soul and flesh is substantially joined in the divine Person of the Lord. Yes, this is a fantastic claim. Note how Caiaphas responds to our Lord’s admission of his identity:

But Jesus was silent. Then the high priest said to him, “I order you to tell us under oath before the living God whether you are the Messiah, the Son of God.” Jesus said to him in reply, “You have said so. But I tell you: From now on you will see ‘the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power’ and ‘coming on the clouds of heaven.’” Then the high priest tore his robes and said, “He has blasphemed! What further need have we of witnesses? You have now heard the blasphemy; what is your opinion?” They said in reply, “He deserves to die!” (Matthew 25:63-66)

Jesus is not simply a prophet. If he is not God and the promised Messiah, then his claim was indeed blasphemy. But our Lord affirms his identity by his works— the sick are healed, the possessed are exorcised, and the dead are raised. He forgives sins which is a prerogative reserved to God. (Priests can do so because Jesus has extended something of his authority to mortal men.)

There was no division in Christ but rather a perfect harmony between his two natures. His divine and human wills were in perfect sync. Room was made for his human knowing while not impoverishing or forfeiting his divine mind. As God, Christ knew all things; as human, he had genuine experiential knowledge and beheld the beatific vision.

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What Does It Mean to be a Catholic?

Posted on April 1, 2024 by Father Joe

I have had people angry with me because there was no formal way for them to disaffiliate with the Catholic Church. A few years ago, there was an effort to allow those intellectually and/or emotionally alienated from the faith to juridically separate themselves with a written document signed by their pastor and bishop. But clergy largely refused to sign it. The legitimacy of this whole business was called into question regarding dispensations, marriage annulment cases and tribunals. Complicating matters further, there was a disagreement between two Vatican congregations— Liturgy and Doctrine of the Faith. The pressing doctrinal fact remains that baptism is a once-and-forever sacrament. Baptism cleanses us of original sin, infuses sanctifying grace, makes one an adopted child of the Father and a temple of the Holy Spirit. We become a Christian and a member of the Church with privileges and duties. Baptized a Catholic, one remains always a Catholic. A person might become lapsed or start worshiping in a non-Catholic church, but he or she remains a Catholic and will be judged by God as a Catholic.

There are many others that insist upon being designated as “Catholic” when they have long since stopped living the faith. Their religion is treated as a club or as an ethnic matter. When pollsters interview such people on beliefs and the value shifts of the day, the results are skewed to the left. That is why those seeking serious statistics distinguish between those Catholics that regularly participate at Mass and those that do not.

Can one be a Catholic in truth while abiding in mortal sin, literally with one foot in hell? Remember that the deliberate failure (through our own fault) to go to Mass on Sundays and holy days is a grievous sin that brings us to perdition. Status becomes even more dire when a host of other mortal sins are added like fornication, adultery, homosexuality, abortion, and various forms of contraception. The failure to worship dishonors almighty God. The so-called pelvis or sexual sins bring dishonor to created persons and human life. The trouble with the latter is not a misplaced preoccupation of the Church with human sexuality but rather a failure of men and women to respect themselves as bodily creatures. Human dignity is violated through disobedience to both natural and divine positive law.

It may be that many others go through the motions of faith but suffer from missing or inadequate religious formation. How many do not understand or reject the “real presence” of Christ in the Eucharist? Does everyone in the pews appreciate that the Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of the immolation of Calvary? Do we go to church solely from duty or do we intend to adore the trinitarian God? Do we all pray? Are there some that do not know how? Do we invoke the Holy Spirit and petition for the intercession of the saints? Do we see the priest at the altar as one who participates in the one priesthood of Jesus Christ? He is so very different from a minister as in Protestant sects.

At baptism we were anointed as priest, prophet, and king. A priestly people render sacrifice, literally taking up their crosses to follow Jesus— spiritually grafting themselves to Jesus as an acceptable offering to the Father. As a nation of prophets, we are commissioned to proclaim and share the Good News of the Lord to all whom we meet. Given that Jesus is king, and Mary is the queen mother, we are made family members of the royal household of God. Do we acknowledge this privileged dignity and dutifully preach the truth and participate in Sunday Mass?

Salvation requires faith in Christ; however, it is more nuanced than the evangelical’s easy profession of Jesus as one’s “personal Lord and savior.” The Catholic appreciation takes into consideration the Gospel of Mark, the writings of Paul and the epistle by James. We are not saved by faith alone, but by grace alone. Works are important as well, because remade in his likeness, we allow the Lord to minister through us. Whatever Jesus does, has value. Saving faith includes the ingredients of charity and obedience. We must have both a personal and a corporate relationship with Christ that is realized through loving fidelity (John 14:15; 24).

Affiliation with the Church is not optional. Just like the Jewish people of old, we are called to the Lord as members of his new People of God or New Zion— the Church. The Church is the mystical body of Christ. Just as Jesus is the one WAY to the Father, the Church is also necessarily the way— the means through which we sacramentally encounter Christ. It is for this reason that we teach that there is no salvation outside the Church. This provides the mandate for evangelization and for the Church’s prayerful intervention for everyone. While the identities of “the many” that will be saved remains with divine providence, the Church cooperates in proclaiming the universal call to salvation.

Our Lord makes a point of instituting the Church and giving Peter the keys to the kingdom. Jesus gives the promise that the Church will prevail until the very end of the world. This is the same Church we proclaim in the Creed as one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. These four marks find their home in Roman Catholicism.

Too often we use political labels for the persuasion or depth of one’s Catholicism. We say that this or that person is “liberal” or “conservative.” The true measure of faith is between “orthodoxy” and “heresy.” One cannot be a good Catholic and subscribe to false doctrines or immoral practices. We are also obliged to remain in union with the pope who is the Vicar of Christ and the successor to St. Peter. Such relationships can be strained when bishops of Rome promote their fallible ideas over immutable truths; but we trust that the Holy Spirit will preserve both the faith and the papacy. The Pope is the servant of the Word and not its master. His trust is to preserve and to pass on the timeless faith. It is for this reason that Catholics have an obligation to know the Scriptures and the Catechism. Too many are ignorant and easily swayed by the changing fads and whimsy of the day. Indeed, many have spoken of an unofficial schism that afflicts the Church. We should make the firm resolution to practice the Catholic faith, despite outside pressures, disappointments inside the Church, and personal doubts and weaknesses.

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The Watchful Guardian Angels

Posted on March 27, 2024 by Father Joe

Many adults regard prayers to a guardian angel to be the stuff of children only, along with the Tooth Fairy, the Easter Bunny and Santa Claus. As soon as they grow up, even fervent believers frequently cease beseeching the intercession of their spiritual guardians. Guardian Angels are NOT imaginary friends. We have it in good authority that they are real and are watching. Jesus tells us, “See that you do not despise one of these little ones, for I say to you that their angels in heaven always look upon the face of my heavenly Father” (Matthew 18:10). The statement is reassuring and staggering. We are not alone. Not only does God see everything but we have an angel watching us as well. Of course, the angels must be all eyes because the good angels never lose sight of the beatific vision.

Do we detect something of a warning in Christ’s statement? The little ones are often associated with innocent children but in truth they would include all those who are marginalized and brushed aside by the world. While we can take comfort in having spiritual guardians, they will always testify to the truth about what they see. Our guardians may be one-and-the-same as the harvesting angels. Those who have had near-death experiences sometimes report encounters with angels and a looming light. Also experienced but understandably under-reported are when angels seek to draw souls into the fire of perdition. Angels can pray for us and maybe intervene in special situations, but they cannot save us from God’s judgment.

Cynics will point to the famous picture of an angel looming over small children who are on the edge of a dangerous bridge. They ask, if such were real, then why do children fall off bridges or get sick or face abuse? Where is this proposed intervention? We must answer that the Guardian Angels do catch and rescue the innocent children— however, it is often the case that we fail to see the saving act. Bodies might be lost but souls are saved. I suspect that every pregnant woman is being followed by at least two angels, her own and the one appointed to the child in her womb. These angels are not ghosts and they are certainly not demonic. Indeed, I suspect that many blessed homes could avoid demonic disturbances if only we acknowledged the powerful spiritual presence of God’s angels. It is sad that people increasingly get involved with the occult and pursue conversations with ghosts and demons, but never offer a prayer to their personal angel. There is also evidence that gatherings of people as in churches or within nations are granted angelic protection, as with Fatima’s Angel of Portugal.

Angels do not belong to themselves. They are messengers for God but more— they are unique and personal instruments through which God acts. Just as Jesus appoints men as his priests to extend his saving work of mercy; so too are angels the vehicles for God’s intervention and power. The angels of God are always about the Lord’s business. They reflect God’s love for us. They are saints and want us to join their number.

A ghost or human soul outside the body is helpless but not angels. The presence of an angel in one’s home is not a haunting but a blessing. We read in the universal catechism: “From its beginning until death, human life is surrounded by their watchful care and intercession. ‘Beside each believer stands an angel as protector and shepherd leading him to life.’ Already here on earth the Christian life shares by faith in the blessed company of angels and men united in God.”

The Bible attests to these spiritual guardians. Matthew 18:10 was already quoted. We can also look to Psalm 34:7, Psalm 91:11, and Hebrews 1:14.

Psalm 34:8 – “The angel of the LORD encamps around those who fear him, and he saves them.”

Psalm 91:11 – “For he commands his angels with regard to you, to guard you wherever you go.”

Hebrews 1:14 – “Are they not all ministering spirits sent to serve, for the sake of those who are to inherit salvation?”

The Church has enshrined her belief in Guardian Angels within her liturgical year with their annual commemoration on October 2.

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The Ranks of Angels

Posted on March 25, 2024 by Father Joe

The fact that there are ranks of angels is a truth that I would concede. However, I must honestly admit that all efforts to denote them strike me as contrived and speculative. Focusing on the Scriptures, the Jews tend to speak of ten ranks while Catholics detail nine broken down into sets of three. The source for Christians is Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite from the fifth or sixth century and his work entitled, On the Celestial Hierarchy. It is all remarkably interesting but is it credible?

Highest Rank – Seraphim (Is. 6:2), Cherubim (Ez. 10:15,20), Thrones (Col. 1:16)
Middle Rank – Dominions, Virtues, Powers (all mentioned in Eph. 1:21)
Lowest Rank – Principalities (Eph. 1:21), Archangels (Jude 1:9), Angels (throughout Bible)

How are they distinguished? The highest or first rank of angels focus immediately upon the godhead. They bask in the presence of God. They praise him as holy Wisdom. They clearly acknowledge God as the Judge of all. Those of the middle or second rank possess governing authority over the universe and have power over natural creation. The lowest or third rank is where we find the guardians or messengers of God. These are the angels we most invoke for intercessory prayer.

What are my thoughts about this? The substantial form in human beings is the immortal soul. It is what separates us from animals. If the soul leaves the body, it survives as a ghost. The body, however, would become a corpse. It cannot live without the soul. The soul is the principle of life. By contrast, an angel is pure form without matter. That is why angels cannot die. An angel is a spiritual creature that can know, will and act. The primary activity of an angel is to see, know, and love God as the greatest good. Beginning with its creation, every angel is its own form or species. There is no matter to be determined (formed) as in the race of men. While matter is our principle for individuation, such is not the case for angelic beings. Given the lack of informed matter, there can be no membership in any angelic species. Every angel has its own unique form. While they share a common spiritual essence, each angel is a species of one. I have heard it argued that there is a radical self-determination by the angel’s act of will at creation. The angels of God would sort themselves by their species and office. While all adore, some are drawn to proclamation or governance or revelation or blessing or whatever. This is apart from the orientation that separates the good from the bad angels.

The rebellion among the angelic hosts constitutes the most important distinction between the good and the bad angels. There must have been some kind of veil at the beginning so that there might be freedom regarding the acceptance (or rejection) of God as the greatest good. Otherwise, the compelling attraction of the greatest good would strip away any choice.

Great and small, not all angels are the same. Cherubim are imaged as with four wings and many eyes or faces. They are understood as all seeing. Isaiah 6:1-3 describes those of the highest rank— the Seraphim. They are as sentinels before the throne of God. “Seraphim were stationed above; each of them had six wings: with two they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and with two they hovered. One cried out to the other: ‘Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts! All the earth is filled with his glory!’” Imaged with six wings, the Seraphim are associated with fiery purification. St. John of the Cross writes that the seraphim covering its face with its wings symbolize “the darkness of the intellect in God’s presence.” He continues that the covering of the feet symbolizes “the blinding and quenching of the affections of the will because of God.” It thus constitutes humility of the creature before the Creator. “With the two remaining wings they flew, indicating both the flight of hope toward things that are not possessed and the elevation above all earthly or heavenly possessions that are not God” (The Ascent of Mount Carmel, II, 6.5).

As a closing aside, various authorities regard Lucifer or Satan as either a Seraphim or Cherubim (Ezekiel 28:11–17). Such a lofty standing among the angelic hierarchy, would denote two things: (1) he would possess tremendous angelic powers (even without grace) and (2) his was a most terrible fall and loss. Satan brings upon himself an alienation from God that portends to a frustration of his very purpose. What are we to make of a corrupted creature called to resound the thrice Holy name of God? Instead of a hymn or prayer, is he a living curse? Akin to Dante’s frozen Satan, is he eternally silent— locked in a moment of hesitation— unable to adore the one who is Holy, Holy, Holy?

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The Truth about Angels

Posted on March 24, 2024 by Father Joe

There are so many misconceptions about angels. Many imagine they are simply human souls that have been rewarded with wings in the afterlife. This is not the case. Many have their religious formation from Hollywood and not from the source that is truly holy. Angels like us are “persons” with will and intellect. They are both good and bad. However, other than that, they are utterly alien to humanity. They are purely spiritual entities without bodies and thus they do not reproduce, do not age and cannot die. We often fantasize about them with flowing robes, wings, and halos. But in truth they look like nothing at all. If God should allow them, they can appear before men, but only as phantasms or caricatures of human beings. Beneath the appearances, they are something utterly beyond our comprehension. The good angels obey and will never tarry to answer God’s summons. They adore the Lord as a host or angelic choir. They love God and they love us. While they are not human, they are counted among the saints of heaven. They intercede and pray for us. The bad angels turned from God. Unlike mortal men this rebellion has permanently misaligned their orientation. The West, unlike certain Eastern churches, does not believe that angels can repent and return to God’s good favor. Demons will always be demons. They may know an intellectual life with the other damned of hell, but they have forever forfeited grace. Where there should be love there is hatred or indifference. At death the souls of the departed are also fixed, either orientated toward God or away from him. It is said that as many as a third of the angels rebelled against God. Many of the ancient Church fathers thought that their fall was due to a repudiation of the providential incarnation. Unlike the angels of the nativity, they had refused to bend the knee to the Christ Child. The good angels always adore the Lord and praise the godhead as Holy, Holy, Holy.

As spiritual and not material beings, the angels know duration but not time as we do. They have no gender. They do not have our five physical senses. They do possess angelic powers. However, as “persons” they are aware, can know and love and choose. All the angels that would ever exist were created in the same moment. This is contrasted to human beings who are created throughout time. However, at the end of the world, our numbers will also be fixed.

The word “angel” means messenger and they are periodically sent by God in the history of salvation. Note what is said in the universal catechism.

CCC 332 – Angels have been present since creation and throughout the history of salvation, announcing this salvation from afar or near and serving the accomplishment of the divine plan: they closed the earthly paradise; protected Lot; saved Hagar and her child; stayed Abraham’s hand; communicated the law by their ministry; led the People of God; announced births and callings; and assisted the prophets, just to cite a few examples. Finally, the angel Gabriel announced the birth of the Precursor and that of Jesus himself.

CCC 333 – From the Incarnation to the Ascension, the life of the Word incarnate is surrounded by the adoration and service of angels. When God “brings the firstborn into the world, he says: ‘Let all God’s angels worship him.’” Their song of praise at the birth of Christ has not ceased resounding in the Church’s praise: “Glory to God in the highest!” They protect Jesus in his infancy, serve him in the desert, strengthen him in his agony in the garden, when he could have been saved by them from the hands of his enemies as Israel had been. Again, it is the angels who “evangelize” by proclaiming the Good News of Christ’s Incarnation and Resurrection. They will be present at Christ’s return, which they will announce, to serve at his judgment.

Given the identity of Jesus as God’s only Son and the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, the angels are preoccupied with Christ— announcing his birth with the hymn of heaven, ministering to him after his temptation scene with the devil, and giving him consolation in Gethsemane before the ordeal of his betrayal and passion. Angels are also heralded to accompany the risen Christ on the day of judgment. They are imaged as harvesters of souls. Similarly, we are informed that angels can minister to us (Hebrews 1:14) and function as special guardians (Matthew 18:10). The Roman Canon of the Mass even speaks of an angel that takes the oblation of the Eucharist to the heavenly Father.

While angels belong to the supernatural realm, they are limited by their nature to angelic power and to whatever divine grace allows for them. Just as we can make things, only God can create from nothing. Similarly, neither angels nor demons (fallen angels) can truly create, as this requires infinite power. New Age religion erroneously corrupts this understanding by having its adherents praying to angels as if they were deities. Such an angelology is an utterly offensive idolatry as it seeks through superstition to usurp divine sovereignty.

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